7+-+Instructional+Strategies

The **teacher** is probably the **single most important factor** affecting student achievement - at least the single most important factor that we can do much about. Robert Marzano (2003)

More can be done to improve education by improving the effectiveness of teachers than by any other single factor. Effective teachers appear to be effective with students of all achievement levels regardless of the levels of heterogeneity of their classes. Wright, Horn, Sanders (1997)

Ferguson (1991) and Snow et al. (1989) found that **nothing was a powerful as the quality of the teacher** in predicting the achievement of children.

Neither parents nor socioeconomic status of the family were as powerful as good instruction in shaping the academic futures of students. Allington (2001)


 * Marzano's research into the nine most effective instructional strategies: **
 * is based on current research (meta-analysis of 2,455 studies pertaining to instructional practices)
 * includes the latest knowledge, technology and procedures (research continues through McRel)
 * is successful across student populations
 * applies across content areas and grade levels


 * Marzano's Nine Most Effective Instructional Strategies: **
 * 1) identifying similarites and differences
 * 2) summarizing and note taking
 * 3) reinforcing effort and providing recognition
 * 4) homework and practice
 * 5) nonlinguistic representation
 * 6) cooperative learning
 * 7) setting objectives and providing feedback
 * 8) generating and testing hypotheses
 * 9) cues, questions, and advance organizers